Bash Script

Admin Tools

Welcome

This Bash script automates the installation and configuration of essential system administration tools on various Linux distributions. It ensures that administrators have a consistent and useful environment across different systems by installing common tools and configuring syntax highlighting for Vim and Nano. The script supports RHEL 8 and 9, Rocky Linux 8 and 9, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04.

It isn't uncommon for some of the packages to be installed by default.

Packages

Common Packages

HTOP

htop: Interactive process viewer.

WGET

wget: Network downloader.

CURL

curl: Command-line tool for transferring data with URLs.

GIT

git: Version control system.

NET-TOOLS

net-tools: Network configuration tools (including ifconfig).

LSOF

lsof: Lists open files.

Operating System Specific Packages

Debian Specific

software-properties-common: Provides add-apt-repository command

RHEL Specific

epel-release: Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux repository.

Script:

#!/bin/bash

# This script installs common and necessary Linux applications for system administration.
# It includes Vim and Nano syntax highlighting for all users.
# The script detects the OS and installs applicable packages for RHEL 8 and 9, Rocky Linux 8 and 9, Arch Linux, and Ubuntu 22.04 and 24.04.
# Results of the script execution are logged to /var/tmp/install_admin_tools.log.
# Common admin tools I install on linux systems to assist with administration
# Infrastructure Bash Script - JW 4.12.24

LOG_FILE="/var/tmp/install_admin_tools.log"
exec > >(tee -a $LOG_FILE) 2>&1

echo "Starting system administration tools installation..."

# Define common packages for installation
COMMON_PACKAGES="htop wget curl git net-tools lsof"
DEBIAN_PACKAGES="software-properties-common"
RHEL_PACKAGES="epel-release"
ARCH_PACKAGES=""

# Function to install packages on Debian-based systems (Ubuntu)
install_debian_packages() {
    echo "Updating package list..."
    apt update

    echo "Installing common packages..."
    apt install -y $COMMON_PACKAGES $DEBIAN_PACKAGES vim nano

    echo "Installing syntax highlighting for Vim and Nano..."
    apt install -y vim-nox vim-scripts
    echo "syntax on" >> /etc/vim/vimrc
    echo "include \"/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc\"" >> /etc/nanorc
}

# Function to install packages on RHEL-based systems (RHEL, Rocky)
install_rhel_packages() {
    echo "Updating package list..."
    yum update -y

    echo "Installing EPEL repository..."
    yum install -y $RHEL_PACKAGES

    echo "Installing common packages..."
    yum install -y $COMMON_PACKAGES vim-enhanced nano

    echo "Installing syntax highlighting for Vim and Nano..."
    echo "syntax on" >> /etc/vimrc
    echo "include \"/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc\"" >> /etc/nanorc
}

# Function to install packages on Arch Linux
install_arch_packages() {
    echo "Updating package list..."
    pacman -Syu --noconfirm

    echo "Installing common packages..."
    pacman -S --noconfirm $COMMON_PACKAGES vim nano

    echo "Installing syntax highlighting for Vim and Nano..."
    pacman -S --noconfirm vim-syntastic nano-syntax-highlighting
    echo "syntax on" >> /etc/vimrc
    echo "include \"/usr/share/nano/*.nanorc\"" >> /etc/nanorc
}

# Detect OS and version
if [[ -f /etc/os-release ]]; then
    . /etc/os-release
    OS=$ID
    VERSION=$VERSION_ID

    case $OS in
        ubuntu)
            echo "Detected OS: Ubuntu $VERSION"
            case $VERSION in
                22.04|24.04)
                    echo "Applying package installation for Ubuntu $VERSION..."
                    install_debian_packages
                    ;;
                *)
                    echo "Unsupported Ubuntu version. Exiting."
                    exit 1
                    ;;
            esac
            ;;
        rhel|rocky)
            echo "Detected OS: $PRETTY_NAME"
            case $VERSION in
                8|9)
                    echo "Applying package installation for $PRETTY_NAME..."
                    install_rhel_packages
                    ;;
                *)
                    echo "Unsupported RHEL/Rocky Linux version. Exiting."
                    exit 1
                    ;;
            esac
            ;;
        arch)
            echo "Detected OS: Arch Linux"
            echo "Applying package installation for Arch Linux..."
            install_arch_packages
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Unsupported OS. Exiting."
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac
else
    echo "Unable to detect OS. Exiting."
    exit 1
fi

echo "System administration tools installation completed successfully."

View on GitHub

Cheat Sheets

HTOP

Navigation

Up/Down Arrow Keys: Scroll through the list of processes.
Left/Right Arrow Keys: Scroll horizontally through the process list.
Page Up/Page Down: Scroll up and down one full screen at a time.
Home/End: Scroll to the top or bottom of the process list.

Basic Commands

F1 or ?: Help - Display help screen with a summary of commands.
F2 or S: Setup - Enter the setup menu to configure htop.
F3 or /: Search - Search for a process by name.
F4 or *: Filter - Filter processes by name.
F5 or t: Tree - Toggle the display of the process tree.
F6 or >: Sort by - Choose a column to sort the processes by.
F7 or [: Nice - Increase the nice value (lower priority) of a process.
F8 or ]: Renice - Decrease the nice value (higher priority) of a process.
F9 or k: Kill - Kill a process.
F10 or q: Quit - Exit htop.

Additional Commands

Space: Tag/untag a process.
u: Show only processes owned by a specific user.
U: Remove user filter, showing all processes.
s: Trace system calls (strace) for a process.
l: Display the log file for a process.
F: Follow a process - keep the selection on a specific process.
+: Expand all processes in a tree.
-: Collapse all processes in a tree.
a: Display affinity of a process.
i: Invert the sort order.
h: Toggle the display of user threads.
H: Toggle the display of kernel threads.

Columns and Sorting

CPU%: Percentage of CPU usage.
MEM%: Percentage of memory usage.
TIME+: Total CPU time used by the process.
PID: Process ID.
USER: User who owns the process.
PRI: Priority of the process.
NI: Nice value of the process.
VIRT: Virtual memory used by the process.
RES: Resident memory used by the process.
SHR: Shared memory used by the process.
S: Process status (running, sleeping, etc.).
Command: Command line of the process.

Customizing htop

F2 (Setup Menu)

Display Options: Customize the visual representation of htop.
Columns: Choose which columns to display.
Meters: Configure the meters displayed at the top of the screen.
Colors: Change the color scheme of htop.

Filtering and Searching

F3 (/): Enter a search term to find specific processes.
F4 (*): Enter a filter term to display only matching processes.

Example Usage

Search for a process by name: Press F3, type the name, and press Enter.
Sort processes by memory usage: Press F6, then select MEM%.
Kill a process: Use the arrow keys to select the process, then press F9.

WGET

Basic Usage

wget [options] [URL]

Common Options

Download a Single File

wget http://example.com/file.txt

Download a File and Save with a Different Name

wget -O newname.txt http://example.com/file.txt

Continue a Previous Download

wget -c http://example.com/largefile.zip

Download a File to a Specific Directory

wget -P /path/to/directory http://example.com/file.txt

Download Multiple Files

Create a file urls.txt with each URL on a new line:

http://example.com/file1.txt

http://example.com/file2.txt

Use wget to download all files listed in urls.txt:

wget -i urls.txt

Advanced Options

Download Files in Background

wget -b http://example.com/file.txt

Limit Download Speed

wget --limit-rate=200k http://example.com/file.txt

Mirror an Entire Website

wget --mirror --convert-links --adjust-extension --page-requisites --no-parent http://example.com

Set Number of Retries

wget --tries=10 http://example.com/file.txt

Specify User-Agent

wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0" http://example.com/file.txt

Download with HTTP Authentication

wget --user=username --password=password http://example.com/securefile.txt

Handling Directories and Files

Create a Directory for Downloads

wget -P /path/to/download/directory http://example.com/file.txt

Recursive Download

wget -r http://example.com/directory/

Exclude Certain File Types

wget -r --reject jpg,png http://example.com/directory/

Proxy and Network Options

Download via Proxy

wget -e use_proxy=yes -e http_proxy=proxy_address:port http://example.com/file.txt

Set Timeout for Download

wget --timeout=30 http://example.com/file.txt

Wait Between Downloads

wget --wait=5 http://example.com/slow_server/file.txt

Viewing and Logging

Verbose Output

wget -v http://example.com/file.txt

Log Output to a File

wget -o download.log http://example.com/file.txt

Quiet Mode

wget -q http://example.com/file.txt

Example Scenarios

Download a File with Progress Bar

wget --progress=bar http://example.com/file.txt

Download a File and Display Headers

wget --server-response http://example.com/file.txt

Download Using Cookies

wget --load-cookies cookies.txt http://example.com/file.txt

Download with Referrer

wget --referer=http://example.com http://example.com/file.txt

CURL

Basic Usage

curl [options] [URL]

Common Options

Download a File

curl -O http://example.com/file.txt

Save File with a Different Name

curl -o newname.txt http://example.com/file.txt

Follow Redirects

curl -L http://example.com

Resume a Previous Download

curl -C - -O http://example.com/file.txt

Limit Download Speed

curl --limit-rate 200k http://example.com/file.txt

HTTP Requests

GET Request

curl http://example.com

POST Request

curl -X POST -d "param1=value1¶m2=value2" http://example.com

POST Request with JSON Data

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"key1":"value1", "key2":"value2"}' http://example.com

PUT Request

curl -X PUT -d "param1=value1¶m2=value2" http://example.com

DELETE Request

curl -X DELETE http://example.com/resource

Headers and Authentication

Include HTTP Header

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer token" http://example.com

Include Multiple Headers

curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer token" http://example.com

Basic Authentication

curl -u username:password http://example.com

Bearer Token Authentication

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer token" http://example.com

Data Transfer

Upload a File

curl -T file.txt http://example.com/upload

Upload Multiple Files

curl -F "[email protected]" -F "[email protected]" http://example.com/upload

Download Multiple Files

curl -O http://example.com/file1.txt -O http://example.com/file2.jpg

Proxy and Network Options

Download via Proxy

curl -x proxy_address:port http://example.com

Set Timeout for Download

curl --max-time 30 http://example.com

Specify User-Agent

curl -A "Mozilla/5.0" http://example.com

Viewing and Logging

Verbose Output

curl -v http://example.com

Silent Mode (No Output)

curl -s http://example.com

Log Output to a File

curl -o file.txt http://example.com

Example Scenarios

Download a File with Progress Bar

curl --progress-bar -O http://example.com/file.txt

Download and Save Output to a File

curl http://example.com -o output.html

Get HTTP Headers Only

curl -I http://example.com

Send Data with URL Encoding

curl --data-urlencode "param1=value1" --data-urlencode "param2=value2" http://example.com

GIT

Configuration

Set user name

git config --global user.name "Your Name"

Set user email

git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

Set default text editor

git config --global core.editor "vim"

Check configuration settings

git config --list

Basic Commands

Initialize a new repository

git init

Clone an existing repository

git clone [URL]

Check repository status

git status

Add files to staging area

git add [file]

git add . (Add all files)

Commit changes

git commit -m "Commit message"

Show commit history

git log

Branching and Merging

List all branches

git branch

Create a new branch

git branch [branch_name]

Switch to a branch

git checkout [branch_name]

Create and switch to a new branch

git checkout -b [branch_name]

Merge a branch into the current branch

git merge [branch_name]

Delete a branch

git branch -d [branch_name]

Remote Repositories

Add a remote repository

git remote add origin [URL]

Show remote repositories

git remote -v

Fetch changes from a remote repository

git fetch [remote]

Push changes to a remote repository

git push [remote] [branch]

Pull changes from a remote repository

git pull [remote] [branch]

Stashing

Save changes temporarily

git stash

List stashed changes

git stash list

Apply stashed changes

git stash apply

Apply and remove stashed changes

git stash pop

Drop a specific stash

git stash drop [stash@{0}]

Viewing Changes

Show changes in the working directory

git diff

Show changes between commits

git diff [commit1] [commit2]

Show changes for a specific file

git diff [file]

Undoing Changes

Discard changes in the working directory

git checkout -- [file]

Unstage a file

git reset HEAD [file]

Revert a commit

git revert [commit]

NET-TOOLS

ifconfig

Show network interfaces

ifconfig

Show a specific interface

ifconfig [interface]

Enable an interface

ifconfig [interface] up

Disable an interface

ifconfig [interface] down

Assign an IP address to an interface

ifconfig [interface] [IP_address]

Assign a netmask to an interface

ifconfig [interface] netmask [netmask]

Assign a broadcast address to an interface

ifconfig [interface] broadcast [broadcast_address]

netstat

Show all network connections

netstat -a

Show listening ports

netstat -l

Show network statistics

netstat -s

Show routing table

netstat -r

Show PID and program name for each connection

netstat -p

Show network interfaces

netstat -i

Show statistics for a specific protocol

netstat -s -p [protocol]

route

Show routing table

route

Add a default gateway

route add default gw [IP_address]

Add a static route

route add -net [network_address] netmask [netmask] gw [gateway]

Delete a route

route del [target]

arp

Show ARP table

arp -a

Add a static ARP entry

arp -s [IP_address] [MAC_address]

Delete an ARP entry

arp -d [IP_address]

hostname

Show the current hostname

hostname

Set a new hostname

hostname [new_hostname]

dnsdomainname

Show the DNS domain name

dnsdomainname

LSOF

Top of Page | Cheat Sheets Navigation

Basic Usage

List all open files

lsof

List open files by a specific user

lsof -u [username]

List open files for a specific process

lsof -p [PID]

List open files for a specific command

lsof -c [command]

List open files in a directory

lsof +D /path/to/directory

Network Connections

List all network connections

lsof -i

List network connections on a specific port

lsof -i :[port]

List network connections by protocol

lsof -i [protocol]

lsof -i tcp

lsof -i udp

Files and Directories

List open files for a specific file

lsof /path/to/file

List open files in a directory recursively

lsof +D /path/to/directory

List open files with a specific file descriptor

lsof -d [descriptor]

Process and User Information

List files opened by a specific user

lsof -u [username]

Exclude files opened by a specific user

lsof -u ^[username]

List files opened by a specific process

lsof -p [PID]

List files opened by multiple processes

lsof -p [PID1],[PID2]

Advanced Options

List network files with PID and user information

lsof -i -n -P

List all IPv4 network files

lsof -i 4

List all IPv6 network files

lsof -i 6

Find files opened by a specific network connection

lsof -i @hostname

Find files using a specific port and protocol

lsof -i tcp:80

lsof -i udp:53

Display files in use by kernel

lsof -k

Example Scenarios

List all open files for a specific user

lsof -u john

List all open files for a specific process ID

lsof -p 1234

List all open network connections

lsof -i

Find processes listening on port 8080

lsof -i :8080

List all open files for a specific directory

lsof +D /var/log

Bash Script

Admin Tools

Welcome

Packages

Common Packages

HTOP

WGET

CURL

GIT

NET-TOOLS

LSOF

Operating System Specific Packages

Debian Specific

RHEL Specific

Script:

Cheat Sheets

HTOP

Navigation

Basic Commands

Additional Commands

Columns and Sorting

Customizing htop

F2 (Setup Menu)

Filtering and Searching

Example Usage

WGET

Basic Usage

Common Options

Advanced Options

Handling Directories and Files

Proxy and Network Options

Viewing and Logging

Example Scenarios

CURL

Basic Usage

Common Options

HTTP Requests

Headers and Authentication

Data Transfer

Proxy and Network Options

Viewing and Logging

Example Scenarios

GIT

Configuration

Basic Commands

Branching and Merging

Remote Repositories

Stashing

Viewing Changes

Undoing Changes

Tags

NET-TOOLS

ifconfig

netstat

route

arp

hostname

dnsdomainname

LSOF

Basic Usage

Network Connections

Files and Directories

Process and User Information

Advanced Options

Example Scenarios